Role of Antioxidants in Improving Poor Semen Parameters

By Dr. Shilpi Khare — Fertility, IVF & Women’s Health Specialist

Poor semen parameters—such as low sperm count, weak motility, abnormal morphology, and high DNA fragmentation—are often linked to oxidative stress. This is a condition where harmful free radicals damage sperm cells faster than the body can repair them.

The good news is that antioxidants can significantly improve sperm health, especially when combined with lifestyle changes and medical guidance. Here is a clear, point-wise explanation for couples trying to understand their treatment better.

What Is Oxidative Stress?

Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals exceed the body's natural antioxidant defences. Sperm cells are extremely sensitive because:

• They have limited DNA repair ability

• Their membrane is rich in easily damaged fats

• They are exposed to heat, toxins, and lifestyle factors

Oxidative stress leads to: 

✔ Low sperm count 

✔ Poor motility 

✔ Abnormal morphology 

✔ High DNA fragmentation 

✔ Reduced fertilisation potential

How Antioxidants Help Sperm Health

1. Increase Sperm Count

Antioxidants protect the testicular cells responsible for sperm production, improving count over time.

2. Improve Sperm Motility

They enhance mitochondrial energy production, helping sperm move faster and more efficiently.

3. Improve Morphology (Shape)

Healthy sperm structure increases the chances of natural fertilisation.

4. Reduce DNA Fragmentation

This is vital for embryo development. Antioxidants help stabilise sperm DNA and reduce genetic breakage.

5. Improve IVF/ICSI Outcomes

Better sperm quality leads to higher fertilisation rates and stronger embryos.

Common Antioxidants I Prescribe

✔ Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Boosts energy and motility.

✔ L-Carnitine

Improves motility and sperm energy metabolism.

✔ Vitamin C & Vitamin E

Powerful free radical scavengers.

✔ Zinc & Selenium

Essential for testosterone production and sperm formation.

✔ Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Improve membrane structure and motility.

✔ Lycopene & Folic Acid

Support sperm maturation and reduce DNA damage.

These should be taken for 3–6 months, as sperm maturation requires 72–90 days.

Who Needs Antioxidants?

Men with:

• Low sperm count

• Low motility

• Abnormal morphology

• High DNA fragmentation

• Varicocele

• Lifestyle-related sperm damage (smoking, alcohol, stress)

• Unexplained infertility

• Recurrent pregnancy loss

• Preparing for IUI/IVF/ICSI

Important Note From Dr. Shilpi Khare

Antioxidants are extremely beneficial but should always be taken under medical guidance. Overuse can cause hormonal imbalance or adverse effects. With the right plan, antioxidants can significantly enhance semen quality and improve the chances of conception.